There was a question yesterday that asked about the cashless economy depicted in Star Trek. I gave the answer explaining how the society we see in the series is depicted as having adapted beyond the need to accumulate material wealth, due in large part to the post-scarcity of essential resources.
Then I realized that there is an implicit assumption in my answer - that human society being post-scarcity for those resources means *all * Federation members are post-scarcity as well. This is an assumption that, while reasonable, I could not find any evidence to back up.
Are all Federation members part of the same cashless post-scarcity society that we see humans are? Or is this a case-by-case basis depending on how each society chooses to conduct itself? Do any Federation members still use money?*
On an individual level, it's clear that people in the Federation do have to deal with money - Rom is a Starfleet Cadet, but he's still a Ferengi. And Kassidy Yates is a Freighter Captain who has to deal with non-Federation stations - But for a Member Planet, is abandoning a Cashless economy implicit/required when joining the Federation?
*Remember: The Ferengi are not members of the Federation.
Answer
Based on mentions from both books AND dialogue within the episodes themselves, the cashless economy concept applies to Earth & humans only.
In the novelization for Star Trek V, there is mention of the Andorians having an economy that depended on "workers". This largely indicates a production/consumption system.
In the DS9 episode "In the Cards", when Jake wants to acquire a baseball card:
JAKE: I'm Human, I don't have any money.
NOG: It's not my fault that your species decided to abandon currency-based economics in favor of some philosophy of self-enhancement.
JAKE: Hey, watch it. There's nothing wrong with our philosophy. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity.
NOG: What does that mean?
JAKE: It means we don't need money!
Then, later in the Voyager episode "Dark Frontier" there is this comment by Tom Paris:
When the New World Economy took shape in the late 22nd century and money went the way of the dinosaur, Fort Knox was turned into a museum.
Further evidence that other Federation races still use a money-based system:
- At the end of DS9 episode "Little Green Men", it is mentioned that Quark sold his shuttle while still in the Sol system, barely making enough latinum to pay for the trip back to DS9.
- In several DS9 episodes, it is referenced that the Bolians have a market-based economy almost on par with the Ferengi. In fact, the Bank of Bolias is commonly used by off-worlders in a manner similar to Swiss banks.
- Tellarite freighters were a common sight on DS9, and the Tellarites themselves are considered to be shrewd businessmen & negotiators.
- In Voyager episode "The Gift", Captain Janeway tells Kes a story about the time Tuvok bought a meditation lamp from a Vulcan master (six years prior to the episode). The Vulcan master charged Tuvok twice as much when he learned he was a Starfleet officer.
Taken altogether, these sort of mentions make it appear that it is primarily Earth utilizing this unique system. The last example, in particular, shows one Vulcan charging another twice as much for an item. This would seem to indicate that Vulcan still uses a currency-based market system. Along with the Andorians, Tellarites, and Bolians, this would appear to make Earth's cashless economy unique among the founding races of the Federation.
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