In the mainstream DC comic universes, did the Kents legally adopt Kal-El upon finding him, or did they just take him home and start raising him without bothering to tell the government? Or did they claim he was their birth son? If he was legally adopted, what was their cover story for finding him? As an extension of that, is Clark officially a U.S. Citizen, by adoption?
Answer
I feel compelled to remind everyone that I am not a lawyer, and especially not an immigration lawyer. On the off chance that you find an abandoned space-baby by the side of the road, do not take this as legal advice for how to proceed.
Clark would be considered a natural-born citizen...
In the New 52, the current DC mainstream universe, it's not clear whether Clark was legally adopted, or passed off as the natural born son of Jonathan and Martha Kent. His origin story is told in Action Comics 5, where it's revealed that the Kents discovered Kal-El's crashed ship, and passed off a deformed calf as the occupant to investigating government officials:
Jon: Me and the missus found something over yonder when we come by before. Take a look in back. I'm guessing there must be some kind of reward, right? You can have my name, telephone, anything you need. But this ain't about chemicals, and we all know it. Check him out. You'll see. Reckon I found me a spaceman.
A later panel reveals that, shortly before discovering the ship, the Kents were interviewing at an adoption service, who gave them bad news:
Martha: -- And at first, we thought it was the answer to our prayers. But, after the miscarriage... Well, Jon and I never really thought seriously about adopting before, but there are so many unfortunate children in the world who could use a loving home...
Strommen: That's certainly true. And you do seem like a lovely couple. However, I should warn you up front that adoption is a long process, too. There are referrals, screenings, home visits, court hearings... It can take years to find an appropriate match, and the fees can add up to even more than what you spent on your in vitro procedure.
So I'm inclined to suggest that they just passed him off as a miracle, in which case he'd be a natural-born citizen as far as the rest of the world knows.
However, even if he was presented as a foundling and legally adopted1, according to 8 USC 1401, he would still be considered natural-born as long as nobody blabbed about his alien heritage:
The following shall be nationals and citizens of the United States at birth:
[...]
(f) a person of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five years, until shown, prior to his attaining the age of twenty-one years2, not to have been born in the United States;
As long as everybody keeps their mouths shut, he's a natural-born citizen either way. It should be noted that this law (called the Foundling Statute) is basically never used, its few recorded successes quite fittingly map to Clark's situation; again, assuming nobody ever finds out that he's actually an alien.
This has been fairly consistently true of Clark throughout his publication history; Golden Age and Silver Age Kal-El were both legally adopted from an orphanage (see footnote 1), in which case the Nationality Act would qualify him as a citizen, assuming nobody knew that he was an alien3. Most post-Crisis versions gloss over this detail, so either explanation above could qualify, with the same result.
...but probably illegally...
Note that, in virtually all versions of Clark's backstory, it would almost certainly be massively illegal for him to be granted citizenship in this way; since every version of the story has the Kents aware that Clark is of extraterrestrial origin (if there's an exception, I'm not aware of it off hand), withholding that information to get him citizenship would constitute immigration fraud4. I have no idea what would happen to them if the truth ever came out, but I'm sure it would not be good.
I'm also not sure what would happen to Clark, but I suspect it would depend greatly on the preferences of the courts; perhaps they opt to grant him citizenship5, or perhaps they opt to deny citizenship but grant refugee status6, or perhaps they deny his personhood and send him to Area 51, or something else entirely.
...and Superman is different
As long as nobody knows that Clark Kent is Superman (or, at least, as long as the government doesn't know), they're separate legal persons, and would have different immigration statuses; everybody already knows that Superman is an alien, so the Foundling Statute doesn't apply to him, and his immigration status is a matter for the courts to decide. As other answers have noted, different comics writers have handled this in different ways.
It would be still another matter if Clark's dual identity became public knowledge. In that case, it would again likely be a matter for the courts to sort out.
1 Which was his original backstory, according to Action Comics #17:
As a distant planet was destroyed by old age, a scientist places his infant son within a hastily devised space-ship, launching it toward Earth!
When the vehicle landed on Earth, a passing motorist, discovering the sleeping babe within, turned the child over to an orphanage.
2 Note that the original version of this statute, the Nationality Act of 1940, did not have this "until the age of 21" restriction; under those terms, you're a natural-born citizen until it can be proven that you were not born within the United States. As best I can tell, this limitation was added in 1952, but again I am not a lawyer
3 Which, despite the fact that he was found in a crashed spaceship would seem a sensible assumption. No commentary on how incredibly dumb Golden Age and Silver Age civilians were.
4 It should be noted that the current wording of the Foundling Statute specifies that a foundling's non-American birth must be "shown"; some, such as lawyer James Daily of "Law and the Multiverse", could make the argument that "shown" would mean "legally proven", which might give the Kents a break, depending on the adaptation and the weight of the burden of proof required
5 Assuming they first grant him personhood, which our friends at Law.SE believe is likely
6 It's not like they can deport him back to Krypton, after all
7 The original, not the New 52 one. I hate it when they restart numbering like this
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