harry potter - What's the Difference Between a Charm, an Enchantment, a Spell, and a Curse?

From a recent question, I know a curse is intended to harm people, and I think a charm is an object with a special power, but I also think I remember the word having a different meaning in Harry Potter. And I'm not clear if a curse has to be a spell or if it could be an enchantment or charm as well.

So what, exactly is the difference between a spell, an enchantment, a charm, and a curse?

Answer

Here's a description of spell types as J.K. Rowling classifies them:

Spell: The generic term for a piece of magic.
Charm: Does not fundamentally alter the properties of the subject of the spell, but adds, or changes, properties. Turning a teacup into a rat would be a spell, whereas making a teacup dance would be a charm. The grey area comes with things like 'Stunning Spells', which on balance I think are Charms, but which I call spells for alliterative effect.
Hexes: Has a connotation of dark magic, as do jinxes, but of a minor sort. I see 'hex' as slightly worse. I usually use 'jinx' for spells whose effects are irritating but amusing.
Curses: Reserved for the worst kinds of dark magic.
J.K. Rowling's Personal Website

So that's a basic linear explanation of the different levels of magic.

Lily's protective magic given to Harry when she gave her life to save his has been referred to in canon as an enchantment.

Comments

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