In The Lord of the Rings, the Istari are the wizards sent from Valinor by the Valar to Middle-Earth. Their purpose was to help the Men of the West (Gondor) to defeat Sauron.
There are obvious parallels to be drawn against Gandalf — for example, he can be seen as a Christ figure since he dies and is resurrected more powerful, architecting the defeat of evil. But are the wizards as a group or individually metaphors for anything? Or are the other wizards a representation of figures of history or other legend? I've heard it said that Tolkien hated metaphor, but it's somewhat impossible to avoid seeing it with all of the symbolism in his work.
It strikes me that Gandalf was the only one to fulfill his purpose. Saruman was corrupted by power and joined Sauron; Radagast was more enamored of animals than Men; and the Blue Wizards headed East and were never heard of again. Despite their gifts they all failed in various ways. What does this represent?
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